Complex noun phrases containing gerunds pdf

A noun can also combine with various types of adjectives, quantifiers, another noun, prepositions and verbs to form a noun phrase which functions as a unit in a sentence. Gerunds can appear by themselves, or they can be part of a larger gerund phrase. There is only one rule to remember about using subordinate conjunctions. Allison, racing down the stairs, dropped her books.

Building noun phrases and compound nouns pedagogical. Jul 25, 2016 complex noun phrases containing gerunds this feature is not available right now. Nov 22, 2008 it can act as a noun, so it can function, from a syntactic point of view, as subject of a sentence, direct object, object of a preposition, subjective complement or predicative, apposition, object complement. Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence. Most of these words take articles before them and form plurals with s. It is important that you be able to recognize and use them in. Complex noun phrases containing gerunds this feature is not available right now.

All these people can help students understand how noun phrases fit into the syntax of a sentence, produce more complex noun phrases as they become more advanced, and become aware of how noun phrases operate differently in different registers. It may consist of only the head or the head and other preceding items or following items as modifiers. The best defense against the atom bomb is not to be there when it goes off. Apr 27, 2017 in morphology a complex noun has two or more morphemes. The gerund phrase is the direct object of finished.

A noun phrase is either a single noun or pronoun or a group of words containing a noun or a pronoun that function together as a noun or pronoun, as the subject or object of a verb. Revise each noun phrase to make the postmodifier wholly or partly into a premodifier. A gerund is a verb ending with ing, but, it works as a noun and can act as a subject, object, or complement in a sentence. The predicate noun renames the subject of the sentence. The initial target database is the rogers technical operations database, a relational database containing statistical data describ ing aspects of the companys. There are many cases where gerunds are used in a phrase. The noun phrase teachingenglish british council bbc. Compound words are formed by joining two or more simple words. Gerunds are words that are formed as verbs, but used as nouns.

Underline with one line the participles and participial phrases. A noun phrase that contains a gerund will always be complex, because the gerund will introduce a subordinate clause. I guarantee that you will start to notice them everywhere. Place a box around the noun or pronoun it is modifying.

Write five sentences, each containing one or more gerund phrases. Since you already learned about how to reduce noun clauses to infinitive phrases. But you can also reduce some noun clauses to gerund phrases. A good rule of thumb is to write the most common compound nouns as one word, and the others as two words. A root morpheme book, and two bound morphemes ing and s. More examples of noun phrases noun phrases are extremely common. What makes a gerund different from a simple noun is that it does not have a proper plural form. A phrase is a group of words that act as a part of speech but cannot stand alone as. The first part offers a theoretical overview of the terminology of the complex noun phrase as introduced in four popular english grammar books, while the second part presents and discusses the. Some of these cards are focused on the grammar of the gerund phrase, but some have examples of sentences with them. Start studying remedial book 3 unit 16 complex noun phrases with gerunds matching.

Pdf the complex noun phrase in advanced students writing. Learn english online with an allinone selfstudy course from anglolink. The noun clause, altogether, is either the subject or object of a complete sentence. The proposal is schematically demonstrated in 33 containing the null expletive. Join the sentences by typing the missing words to make one sentence using a noun phrase. You have noticed that the compound noun can be written either as a single word, as a word with a hyphen, or as two words. A gerund is one of three classes of words called verbals words based on verbs and expressing an action or a state of being but serving another grammatical function. Adjective, adverb, noun clauses gerund,participial and infinitive phrases jfjafar aiasgari english department kashan university of medical sciencesuniversity of medical sciences.

Since it is a verb that acts like a noun, it is a gerund. Adjective, adverb, noun clauses gerund,participial and infinitive phrases. We cannot possibly hope to characterize all of the possible noun phrases of english on the basis of form. The complex noun phrase is sales of cars or the number of cars sold by the company. Adjective, adverb, noun clauses gerund,participial and. However, it is important to note that gerunds are verbs that act as noun in sentence. Remember, in every instance below, the gerund is working as a noun. A gerund phrase generally consists of a gerund, which is the ing word, along with any modifiers or objects associated with it. Manhattan prep gmat forum en simple gerund and complex gerund. Unit 16 challenges and accomplishments complex noun phrases containing gerunds lic. Subordinating conjunctions are essential parts of complex sentences with include at least two clauses, with one of the clauses being main independent and the other being subordinate dependent. The complex noun phrase in advanced students writing.

Gerunds, although they have a unique structure ending in ing, can still be difficult to understand since present participle and other continuous forms of verbs also end in ing. Gerunds and infinitives are also commonly used in verbs that have been turned into nouns. A noun phrase is a group of words that work together to name and describe a person, place, thing, or idea. We found that pastor 2008 argues along similar lines to ours, looking into english complex noun phrase interpretation by spanish learners of english as a second language. In the sentence cheese is my favorite food, the word food is the predicate. Apr 20, 2015 gerunds, infinitives, and verbsasnouns by david recine on april 20, 2015 in grammar in my last post about gerunds verbs with in ing and infinitives verbs that follow to, i showed you how to use these verb forms to describe an action. For example, i cant believe that people like horses.

Noun phrases allow writers to include a great deal. Gerunds are not, however, all that easy to pick out. Having cleaned her room, jolene went outside for a walk. How to use gerunds as predicate nouns pen and the pad. Remember that a noun with any sort of modifier including just a number or an article is a noun phrase. Lets take a look at some examples which will clarify these unique members of the english language. Definition a noun phrase is a phrase in which a noun is the head. Gerund phrases gerunds are formed from verbs and function as nouns. Simple nps are thus nps containing a determiner and a head noun i. Thebestthing of being a flightattendantisallthetravelopportunities one. Since horses is a noun and works correctly in this sentence, we know that running is also used as a noun. Lets break down this definition to understand it better.

The poor man wanted to pay back every penny he owed. A gerund phrase is created when a gerund a verb that takes an ing form and functions as a noun has a modifier, object or both. Meanwhile, a phrase is a group of words that contains either a subject noun or a verb but not both. Stress that in a sentence containing a noun clause, there are two clauses, and only the main clause is independent. Download file pdf chapter 14 noun clauses azargrammar com. Grammar complex noun phrases with gerunds if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. Chapter 6 phrases, clauses, and sentences chapter checkin recognizing phrases identifying independent and subordinate clauses understanding sentences clauses and phrases are the building blocks of sentences. Effectively using complex noun phrases makes your writing more academic and precise. Running is the gerund in the sentence because it is used as a noun. Noun phrases can function in several different ways in a sentence. Examples of gerunds or gerund phrases used as the subject. In my last post about gerunds verbs with in ing and infinitives verbs that follow to, i showed you how to use these verb forms to describe an action. You may also see infinitive phrase worksheets and examples. The gerund phrase is the object of the preposition after.

Gerunds, infinitives, and verbsasnouns magoosh toefl blog. The gerund phrase the gerund phrase consists of the gerund, which always ends in ing, and its modifiers and complements. We can see this by replacing the phrase with a noun and seeing that it does not make sense. A predicate noun, also known as a subject complement, occurs at the end of a sentence containing a linking verb. Just thinking about the possible structures that can serve as subjects of sentences should convince you that an exhaustive catalog of noun phrases would be, if at all possible, incredibly long and complex. The gerund phrase is the subject of the verb takes. In most cases, we use gerunds to add a variation to our writing. Noun phrases are underlined in the following sentences. A gerund phrase is a phrase consisting of a gerund and any modifiers or objects associated with it. Gerund phrases consist of a gerund and all of the gerund s complements and modifiers. Revise each noun phrase to make the postmodifier wholly or partly into a premodifier example. In morphology a complex noun has two or more morphemes.

That sounds quite technical, so lets break it down for a simple explanation of a gerund phrase. John is the noun phrase functioning as the subject of the verb. First, here is an example of a gerund phrase in a sentence. A noun phrase can be a single wordjust the noun or more than one word. Nouns are naming words and often stand alone in a sentence. Serving as a predicate noun is one of a gerund s important functions. A gerund is a noun made from a verb root plus ing a present participle. Given that the scope of this study is limited to nominal postmodifiers.

Like all nouns, a noun phrase can be a subject, object, or complement. Some of the most common functions of noun phrases are listed below. It is a participle phrase, which acts like an adjective. The elements in a compound noun are very diverse parts of speech. Using verb forms as subjects when functioning as the subject of a sentence, gerunds and infinitives always use a singular verb. When we look at the structure of writing, we treat a noun phrase the same way we treat a common noun. How do we know the second example is not a gerund phrase. Diagramming phrases made easy english grammar revolution. A gerund, which functions as a noun, can consist of a single word or a phrase. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, andor modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase. So noun phrases really shouldnt be ignored by coursebook syllabus writers or teachers.

Well, it is not acting like a noun and thus does not satisfy the four rules of gerund phrases. A subordinate conjunction performs two functions within a sentence. Gerunds simply serve as a pure verbal noun, which provides variations to sentences in a text. Make sure to use complex noun phrases to improve the complexity and conciseness accuracy and directness of your grammar in both speaking and writing. Noun phrases allow writers to include a great deal of information without using too many words. This lesson will focus only on how to reduce them to gerund phrases. Browse other questions tagged meaning grammar usage gerunds ofphrases or ask your own question. Structural and discourse properties loreley marie hadic zabala bachelor of arts, simon fraser university, 2002 thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts in the department of linguistics 0 loreley marie hadic zabala 2004 simon fraser university fall 2004. A complex noun is a compound noun formed when a noun is put together with another part of speech.

There are four complex noun phrases in this section. These examples show gerund phrases functioning as subjects. January 19, 2011 many words which were originally gerunds are now treated as simple nouns. In a noun phrase, the modifiers can come before or after the noun. Noun phrases a noun phrase is a group of two or more words that is headed by a noun a person, place, or thing that includes modifiers e. That means that they can perform any of the noun jobs. Gerunds are not the only types of verbals that can end in ing, so make sure that the word you find is functioning as a noun in the sentence. A whole gerund phrase functions in a sentence just like a noun, and can act as a subject, an object, or a predicate nominative. When you are reading ielts passages or texts for native speakers, see if you can spot complex noun phrases. Notice that grammatically, we use a complex noun phrase like a single noun, so we could replace the whole complex noun phrase with it. When gerunds combine with other words to form phrases, we have the gerund phrase. A man climbing nearby who saw the accident said it. A noun phrase can be a single wordjust the nounor more than one word. One way to check is to substitute another word that you know is a noun.

Articles written by native speakers generally contain a lot of complex noun phrases and so studying these phrases will help you with reading comprehension as well. A noun phrase includes determiners and modifiers that specifically add information about the noun. At times a noun can be added to a gerund and form a compound word. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Aug 27, 2009 grammar complex noun phrases with gerunds if this is your first visit, be sure to check out the faq by clicking the link above. These words are the most parts nouns, adjectives and verbs. A gerund phrase is a phrase that begins with a gerund, and functions as a noun. Structure of complex sentences every complex sentence is made up of two parts, the dependent and the. Nouns, gerunds, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, prepositions and participles are used in these words. Complex noun phrases are used by all good writers of english because of their efficiency in providing detail. The wicked man loves getting poor people into trouble.